Metaprogramming#

Abstract classes and metaclasses.

Abstract Classes#

class sigmaepsilon.core.abstract.ABC_Safe[source]#

Helper class that provides a standard way to create an ABC using inheritance. Throws a TypeError if a method tries to shadow a method in any of the base classes.

See also

ABCMeta_Safe

Examples

Create an abstract class with an instance method.

>>> class ABC_Parent_Safe(ABC_Safe):
>>>     def funcParentSafe(self):
>>>         pass

Now, if we try to overload any implementation in the parent class, we got a TypeError when the class is created.

>>> class ABC_Child_Safe(ABC_Parent_Safe):
>>>     def funcParentSafe(self):
>>>         pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
TypeError: Can't create abstract class ABC_Child_Safe! Method funcParentSafe is already implemented in class ABC_Parent_Safe.

class sigmaepsilon.core.abstract.ABC_Strong[source]#

Helper class that provides a standard way to create an ABC using inheritance. It follows strong abstraction in the meaning, that an abstract function of any of the base classes must be implemented or delayed with the use of another @abstractmethod decorator. Contrary to the weak metaclass, error occurs when the class is created.

See also

ABCMeta_Strong

Examples

Create an abstract class with abstract instance methods.

>>> class MyParentAbstractClass(ABC_Strong):
>>>     @abstractmethod
>>>     def my_abstract_method_A(self):
>>>         pass
...
>>>     @abstractmethod
>>>     def my_abstract_method_B(self):
>>>         pass

Now if we subclass our parent class, we can either provide an implementation of our abstract methods, or delay the implementation by using the abstractmethod decorator again.

>>> class MyChildAbstractClass(MyParentAbstractClass):
>>>     @abstractmethod
>>>     def my_abstract_method_A(self):
>>>         # this is delayed
>>>         pass
...
>>>     def my_abstract_method_B(self):
>>>         pass

In every other case, we will se an error when the class is created.

>>> class MyChildAbstractClass(MyParentAbstractClass):
>>>     @abstractmethod
>>>     def my_abstract_method_A(self):
>>>         pass
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
TypeError: Can't create abstract class MyChildAbstractClas! MyChildAbstractClas must implement abstract method my_abstract_method_B of class MyParentAbstractClass.

class sigmaepsilon.core.abstract.ABC_Weak[source]#

Helper class that provides a standard way to create an ABC using inheritance. It follows weak abstraction in the meaning, that it is enough to implement the abstarcts in the instance, they impose no restriction on the inherited class itself. Therefore, error only occurs at runtime.

Notes

This class provides nothing over the default behaviour offered by Python’s standard library, but it is equipped with some useful machinery for subclasses that do. All other metaclasses of this module are subclasses of this class.

See also

ABCMeta_Weak

Examples

Create an abstract class with an abstract instance method.

>>> class ABC_Parent_Weak(ABC_Weak):
>>>     @abstractmethod
>>>     def abc_method_parent(self):
>>>         pass

Now if we subclass our parent class without implementing abc_method_parent, nothing happens at runtime (when the class is created).

>>> class ABC_Child_Weak(ABC_Parent_Weak):
>>>     @abstractmethod
>>>     def abc_method_child(self):
>>>         pass

If we create an instance with implementing the abstract classes prescribed, it works fine.

>>> class MyClass(ABC_Parent_Weak):
>>>     def abc_method_child(self):
>>>         pass
...
>>>     def abc_method_parent(self):
>>>         pass
...
>>> foo = MyClass()

If miss any of the required implementations, we can see a TypeError:

>>> class MyClass(ABC_Parent_Weak):
>>>     def abc_method_child(self):
>>>         pass
...
>>> foo = MyClass()
Traceback (most recent call last):
    ...
TypeError: Can't instantiate abstract class MyClass with abstract methods abc_method_parent

Metaclasses#

class sigmaepsilon.core.meta.ABCMeta_Safe(name, bases, namespace, *args, **kwargs)[source]#: Python metaclass for safe inheritance. Throws a TypeError if a method tries to shadow a method in any of the base classes.

See also

ABC_Safe

class sigmaepsilon.core.meta.ABCMeta_Strong(name, bases, namespace, *args, **kwargs)[source]#: Strong Python metaclass. It follows strong abstraction in the meaning, that an abstract function of any of the base classes must be implemented or delayed with the use of another @abstractmethod decorator. Contrary to the weak metaclass, error occurs when the class is created.

See also

ABC_Strong

class sigmaepsilon.core.meta.ABCMeta_Weak(name, bases, namespace, **kwargs)[source]#

Standard python metaclass. It follows weak abstraction in the meaning, that it is enough to implement the abstarcts in the instance, they impose no restriction on the inherited class itself. Therefore, error only occurs at runtime.

Notes

See also

ABC_Weak